[스크랩] [성문기초영어]부정사

제12장   부정사 (Infinitive)///

1. 부정사의 용법
부정사- [to + 동사원형]을 말함

(1) 명사적 용법- 부정사가 명사처럼 주어, 목적어, 보어로 쓰일 때.
ex) To teach English is very difficult.
[주어]
-> It is very difficult to teach English.
[가주어-진주어]
I want to leave here tomorrow.
[목적어]
I found it easy to read this book.
[가목적어-진목적어]
The most important thing in life is to do our best.
[보어]

(2) 형용사적 용법- to 부정사가 명사뒤에서 그 명사를 수식하는 경우
ex) Please give me something to eat.
He is not a man to say such a thing.
He has no friend to play with.

* [be + to부정사]의 용법
1) 예정 : They are to meet at six.
2) 의무 : You are to do the work.
3) 가능 : Not a man was to be seen.
4) 운명 : She was never to return home.
5) 의도 : If you are to have good friends, you must be good.

(3) 부사적 용법- to부정사가 부사와 같은 구실을 하는 경우
1) 목적 : [-하기 위하여, -하러]
ex) He came to see me yesterday.

2) 원인
: [-하니, -하고서](감정의 원인)
ex) I am glad to see you.
She was surprised to hear the news.
= She was surprised at the news.

3) 이유 판단의 근거
: [-을 보니, -하다니]
ex) He must be a fool to say such a thing.

4) 결과 : [-해서 (그 결과)---하다]
ex) Her mother lived to be eight-five. He grew up to be a brave soldier.

5) 조건 : [--한다면]
ex) I should be happy to go with you.

6) 형용사를 수식 : [-할, -하기에]
ex) This river is very dangerous to swim in.
= It is very dangerous to swim in this river.

7) 부사를 수식
ex) He is not old enough to go to school.
= He is so young that he can not go to school.

2. 부정사의 의미상의 주어

(1) 문장의 주어와 일치하는 경우
ex) I hope to succeed.
= I hope that I shall succeed.

(2) 문장의 목적어와 일치하는 경우
ex) I told him to close the window.
He wants me to stay here.
She asked him to come tomorrow.

(3) [for + 목적어 + to부정사]로 나타내는 경우
ex) It is impossible for you to win the game.
= You can not win the game.
The question was too difficult for me to answer.
= The question was so difficult that I couldn't answer it.

(4) [of + 목적어 + to부정사]로 나타내는 경우- 사람의 성질을 나타내는 형용사, 즉 kind, nice, careless, foolish, careful, good 등이 오면 for 대신에 of를 쓴다.
ex) It is very nice of you to come and help me.
It was foolish of him to say a thing like that.

3. 원형부정사의 용법
[to없는 부정사]를 원형부정사라고 하는데, 다음과 같은 경우에 쓰인다.

(1) 지각동사의 목적보어- 원형부정사는 see, hear, watch, feel 등의 지각동사 뒤에서 목적보어로 쓰인다.
ex) I saw them swim in the river.
Did you hear him sing a song?
You must watch the sheep sleep and eat.
I felt my house shake for a second last night.

(2) 사역동사의 목적보어- 원형부정사는 let, have, make, help 등의 사역동사 뒤에서 목적보어로 쓰인다.
ex) Let me know what he said.
I had my brother write a letter.
He made me clean the room.
He helped me do the work.
[미국식]
He helped me to do the work.
[영국식]

(3) 다음과 같은 관용적 구문에서는 원형부정사를 쓴다.
1) had better + 원형
= --하는 것이 좋다.
ex) You had better stay here.
You had better not stay here.

2) cannot but + 원형
= --하지 않을 수 없다.
ex) I cannot but respect him.
= I cannot help respecting him.

4. 부정사의 관용적 용법

(1) 의문사 + to부정사- 미래의 뜻을 나타냄. what to do, which to choose, when to begin, where to go 등
ex) I really don't know what to say.
= I really don't know what I should say.
Do you know how to drive a car?
Decide what school to go to.

(2) too-to = so --- that --- cannot
ex) He is too old to work.
= He is so old that he can not work.
That book was too difficult for me to read.
= That book was so difficult that I couldn't read it.
= That was such a difficult book that I couldn't read it.

(3) enough to = so --- that --- can-- (--할 정도로 충분히 --하다)
ex) Tom is strong enough to carry this box.
= Tom is so strong that he can carry this book.

5. 부정사의 시제
단순부정사인 경우, 부정사의 시제는 술어동사의 시제와 같은 시제를 나타낸다.
ex)I believe him to be honest.
= I believe that he is honest.
She seems to be rich.
= It seems that she is rich.
She seemed to be rich.
= It seemed that she was rich.
I have something to do today.
= I have something that I must do today.
그러나 미래의 의미가 있는 동사(hope, wish, want, expect)다음에 오는 부정사의 시제는 미래를 나타낸다.
ex)I expect you to pass the examination.
= I expect that you will pass the examination.
I wish him to succeed.
= I wish that he will succeed.

6. 부정사의 주의할 용법
(1) 부정사의 부정- 부정사 바로 앞에 not 또는 never를 둔다.
ex) He told us not to go to the movies.

(2) 대부정사(代不定詞)- 부정사의 반복을 피하기 위해 to만 쓴다.
ex) You may do so if you want to (do so).

(3) 독립부정사- 문장 전체를 수식한다.
ex) To tell the truth, I can hardly understand what you say.
To be sure, she is very charming.
To begin with, he is too young.(우선)

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