[스크랩] [성문기초영어]조동사

제10장   조동사 (Auxiliary Verb)///

(1) do (does, did)의 용법- do(does), did는 조동사로도 쓰이며 본동사로도 쓰인다. 조동사는 본동사 앞에서 그 뜻을 보조해 주는 동사이다.

1) 의문문과 부정문에 주로 쓰인다.
ex) What did you do yesterday? 
(did는 조동사, do는 본동사)
Do you like milk? 
(Do는 조동사, like는 본동사)
I do not like milk.
(do는 조동사)

2) 동사의 의미를 강조하는 do
ex) Do go and see him.

3) 대동사로 쓰이는 경우
ex) Did you go to the park yesterday?
Yes, I did.(=Yes, I went there yesterday.)
He runs much faster than she does.(does = runs)

(2) can(could)의 용법
1) 능력 가능:[-할 수 있다]
ex) He can speak English well.

2) 부정적 추측:[-일리 없다]
ex) It can not be true.

3) 강한 의심:[과연--할 수 있을까?]
ex) Can I be back in time for the meeting?

4) can의 대용어 = be able to + 원형
ex) He could not answer the question.
= He was not able to answer the question.
You will be able to start tomorrow. (0)
You will can start tomorrow. (x)

(3) may(might)의 용법
1) 허가 : [-해도 좋다]
ex) May I go home? Yes, you may.

2) 추측 불확실 : [--일는지도 모른다]
ex) This book may be very interesting for you. He may not come back.

3) 기원문에 쓰인다. : [--하소서]
ex) May you live long!

4) 목적 : so that        may- = [--하기 위하여]
ex) He studied hard so that he might pass the exam. = He studied hard in order to pass the examination.

5) may를 포함하는 관용어
ex) He may well do so.

(4) must(have to, had to)의 용법
1) 필요 의무 : [--하지 않으면 안된다]
ex) You must do the work at once.

2) 강한 추측 : [--임에 틀림이 없다]
ex) He must be an American.

3) must not : [--해서는 안된다]
ex) You must not go there.

4) have to : must의 대용어
ex) I have to write a letter to him.
= I must write a letter to him.
He has to go there. = He must go there.
He will have to go there. [미래]
He had to go there. [과거]
* [--임에 틀림이 없다]에는 have to를 쓰지 못한다.
ex) They must be all Englishmen.(0)
They have to be all Englishmen. (x)
Must I read this book?
= Do I have to read this book?
[미국식]
= Have I to read this book?    [영국식]
Yes, you must(read this book).
No, you need not read this book.   
-+ must의 부정은 need not 또는
= No, you don't have to read this book.
-+ don't have to이다

(5) will, shall의 용법
1) 단순미래 : 단순한 미래의 동작이나 상태 및 예정을 나타낸다. [시간이 지나면 자연히 --될 것이다]라는 뜻.

순서:인칭-평서문(하게 될 것이다.--할 것이다)-의문문(-하게되느냐?)
제1인칭 - I, We shall(or will)--. - Shall(or will) I, We--?
제2인칭
- You will-. - Shall(or Will)you-?
제3인칭
- He(she) will-. - Will(he (she)-?
제3인칭
- They will- . - Will they-?
ex) I will be sixteen years old next month.
Will you be able to come here tomorrow?

2) 의지미래 : 말하는 사람의 결심과 의지를 표현하거나 상대방의 의지를 물을 때. 순서:인칭-평서문(말하는 사람의 의지) - 의문문(상대의 의지를 물음)
제1인칭:
I, We--+will--.(-하겠다.)
- Shall+-I, We--? (-할까요?)
제2인칭:
You shall--.하게 하겠다.
- Will you-?(하겠습니까?)
제3인칭:
He(she)-+shall - Shall+ he(she)---?
제3인칭:
They   -+shall - Shall+ they-?

+ We will do our best.
Shall I close the door?
Yes, please. No, thank you.
When shall we meet again?
[우리 언제 다시 만날까요]
When will we meet again?
[단순미래]

+ You shall go there.
= I will let you go there.
[네가 거기에 가도록 하겠다.]
You shall have this watch.
= I will give you this watch.
= I will let you have this watch.
+ He shall meet you.
= I will make him meet you.
He will meet you. [단순미래]
Shall he go there?
[그를 거기에 가게 할까요?]
= Shall I let him go there?
= Do you want him to go there?
= Do you want me to let him go there?

(6) should의 용법
1) 당연 의무 : [--해야 한다]
ex) Children should listen to their parents.

2) 간절한 희망(겸손한 표현) :
[--하고 싶다]
ex) I should like to see the movie.
= I would like to see the movie.
* 주절에 propose, suggest, insist등의 동사가 오면 that절에 should가 오는데 미국식 영어에서는 should를 생략한다.
ex) She proposed that a doctor (should) be sent for.
He suggested that we (should) go there.
She insisted that he (should) be invited to the party.

(7) would의 용법
1) 과거의 불규칙적인 습관
: [--하곤 하였다]
ex) He would often get up late in the morning.

2) 정중한 부탁
: [-해 주시겠습니까?]
ex) Would you open the door?

3) 간절한 희망 : [--하고 싶다]
ex) I would like to go to Pusan.
= I want to go to Pusan.

4) 강한 거절 : [-하려고 하지 않았다]
ex) He would not go there instead of me.

(8) ought to의 용법
1) 의무 : [--해야 한다]
ex) We ought to help one another.

2) ought to의 부정은 ought not to do이다
ex) You ought not to say such a thing.

(9) need와 dare의 용법 : 의문문과 부정문에서는 조동사로 쓰이고, 긍정문에서는 본동사로 쓰임.
ex) Tom needs to come here.[본동사]
Tom need not come here.[조동사]
Need Tom come here?    [조동사]
He dares to say such a thing.
He dare not say such a thing.
Dare he say such a thing?
[그가 감히 그런 것을 말하겠습니까?]

(10) used to의 용법
1) 과거의 규칙적인 습관
: [--하곤 하였다
ex) He used to take a walk every morning.

2) 과거의 계속적 상태 : [한때--했었다]
ex) He used to live in Seoul.
= Once he lived in Seoul, but he doesn't live in Seoul now.
She will get used to cooking the Korean food.[동작]
She is used to the Korean customs. [상태]

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